Human Kidney is a Vital Organ

Some parts of human kidneys are renal capsule, cortex of the kidney, calyces (plural for calyx), renal columns, renal pyramids, renal sinus, hilus, renal artery, and renal vein.

The fundamental functional component of the kidney is the nephron, of which there are over a million inside the cortex and medulla of each normal adult human kidney. Nephrons control water and solute in the cortex and medulla of each normal adult human kidney.

The kidney is one of the vital organs involved in entire-body homeostasis. Amongst its homeostatic roles are acid-base balance, control of electrolyte concentrations, regulation of blood volume, and ruling of blood pressure. The human kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, one on each side of the backbone. It represent about 0.5% of the total weight of the body, but receive 20-25% of the total arterial blood pumped by the heart.

The kidneys complete these homeostatic roles autonomously and by means of organizing with other organs. The kidney communes with these organs by way of hormones concealed into the bloodstream. The human kidney is an endocrine gland secreting two hormones: Erythropoietin (EPO), Calcitriol (1,25[OH]2 Vitamin D3), the active form of vitamin D, and also the enzyme renin.

In a normal human adult, each kidney is more or less 10 cm long, 5.5 cm in width and roughly 3 cm thick, weighing 150 grams. In general, humans can survive naturally with just one kidney, as one has more functioning renal tissue than is required to stay alive, probably because of the nature of the prehistoric human diet. Simply when the quantity of functioning kidney tissue is significantly reduced will develop chronic renal failure.

If the glomerular filtration rate has dropt extremely low, or if the renal dysfunction causes grave symptoms, then indicate renal replacement treatment, either renal transplantation or dialysis.