Common Lymphatic Diseases in Dogs
In a nutshell, the lymphatic system’s main functions are to defend the body against infection and disease, absorb lipids from the intestines and maintain fluid balance in the body. It works alongside the immune system to stave off disease and infection. The lymphatic system also returns plasma proteins to the bloodstream and helps in transporting hormones and enzymes to the bloodstream.
The spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, bone marrow and lymphoid tissue are all components of the lymphatic system and all are interconnected to help defend the body from infection and filter unwanted elements in the bloodstream.
Many diseases affect the lymphatic system in canines. Here is a list of some of the most common:
Lymphoma: This is a malignant cancer that affects one or several organs of the lymphatic system. It is also referred to as lymphosarcoma and occurs in two forms: solid and circulating. Solid tumors are generally associated with the intestines, lymph nodes, liver, kidneys, thymus or spleen among others. The circulating form of the cancer is usually found in the blood stream or bone marrow. Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice in most cases.
Lymphadenopathy: This condition can be a manifestation of lymphosarcoma but it can also result from other causes such as infections or foreign substances. The lymph nodes become enlarged as they go into overdrive to produces white blood cells to fight infection. Vaccinations and inflammations can also result in lymph node enlargement.
Lymphadentitis: is another inflammatory condition affecting the lymph nodes and can be caused by wounds, tumors and skin infections. It can attack one or more lymph nodes.
Lymphangitis: results from infections, trauma and foreign bodies and involves an inflammation of the lymph vessels.
Lymphangiectasia: is a blockage that is caused by dilation of the lymph vessels, this most commonly occurs in the intestinal tract.
Lymphedema: is a painful and dysfunctional disease that is common in certain breeds such as poodles, Great Danes and retrievers. Lymph collects in soft tissue in the limbs and can become very debilitating. Surgery, trauma, tumors, infection and radiation therapy can sometimes contribute to obstruction or destruction of lymph vessels and lead to lymphedma.
Chylothorax: involves the accumulation of chyle (a milky fluid comprising of lymph and emulsified fats) in the chest cavity. This can be caused by obstruction or rupture. Less commonly, an abnormal thoracic duct will cause this condition. Secondary complications include heart disease, fungal infections, hernia and tumors. Certain breeds such as the Shiba Inu and Afghan hounds are susceptible to this disease.